South Asia continues to experience the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan as its longest-running and most unstable geopolitical dispute. The current state of Kashmir has grown intricate during 2023-2024 because territorial claims between nations combine with mounting human rights violations in the region. This research examines Kashmiri human rights situations during the Indo-Pakistani rivalry by analyzing the Pahalgam attack and changing circumstances regarding the Indus Waters Treaty. This research examines how both states contribute to sustaining conflict through international media reports and diplomatic declarations and expert explanations alongside their attempts at resolution and the roles of global organizations United Nations and Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). The regional environment has grown increasingly securitized because of curfews and communication blackouts and mass arrests which human rights organizations now strongly condemn. The document examines how the continuous border conflict affects Indian and Pakistani citizenry economically and humanitarian-wise through population movements along with economic declines and geographical unrest. The article focuses intensively on how political actors manipulate water resources through the Indus Waters Treaty which creates potential severe environmental and economic problems for Pakistan. The civilian people of Kashmir suffer as both countries maintain their political power positions according to the study results. The discussion presents diplomatic options which advocate for new direct negotiations between Pakistan and India accompanied by strengthened exchanges between their citizenries and international arbitration and holistic human rights oversight frameworks. In the absence of a lasting peace blueprint the present conflict faces the possibility of escalating into a huge anthropogenic and regional catastrophe which could affect South Asia's foundational security along with developmental dynamics.
Kashmir conflict, Indus Water Treaty, Human rights violations, Indo-Pak relations, Regional security
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